Cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws txog Capacitor

1. Kev txhais

Lub capacitor yog ib qho khoom siv hluav taws xob siv los khaws thiab tso tawm lub zog hauv qhov hluav taws xob. Thaum ib qho hluav taws xob siv thoob plaws nws cov terminals, ib qho hluav taws xob yog tsim los ntawm cov neeg xyuas pib (phaj), tso cai rau lub capacitor khaws lub zog.

 

Chav tsev ntawm capacitance yog farad (F). Hauv kev siv tswv yim, cov chav me me xws li microfarads (μF), nanofarads (nF), thiab picofarads (pF) feem ntau siv.

 

2. Txoj Cai Ua Haujlwm

Lub capacitor muaj ob daim hlau conductive sib cais los ntawm cov khoom siv insulating hu ua dielectric. Thaum lub DC voltage yog siv nyob rau hauv daim hlau, electrons nyob rau hauv ib lub phaj, muab nws ib tug tsis zoo nqi, thaum ib tug sib npaug zos cov electrons raug tshem tawm los ntawm lub opposite phaj, ua rau nws zoo nqi.

 

Qhov kev sib cais ntawm tus nqi no tsim ib qho hluav taws xob hauv lub dielectric. Lub capacitor khaws lub zog hauv qhov hluav taws xob no thiab khaws cov nqi ntev npaum li qhov siv hluav taws xob thiab tsis muaj kev tawm mus. Thaum ib txoj kev conductive tau qhia, lub zog khaws cia yog tso tawm raws li qhov tam sim no ntws los ntawm sab nraud Circuit Court.

 

3. Muaj peev xwm

Lub capacitance C ntawm lub capacitor nyob ntawm cov hauv qab no:

 

Phaj cheeb tsamA:Ib cheeb tsam phaj loj ua rau muaj peev xwm ntau dua.

 

Phaj sib nrugd:Ib qhov me me ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm cov phiaj ua kom muaj peev xwm.

 

Kev tso caiε:Hom ntawm cov khoom siv dielectric cuam tshuam rau capacitance; cov ntaub ntawv nrog ntau dua permittivity tawm los ntau dua capacitance.

 

Kev sib raug zoo yog muab los ntawm:

 

 

qhov twg:

• Ε yog permittivity ntawm cov khoom siv dielectric

 

• A yog thaj chaw zoo ntawm daim hlau

 

• d yog qhov kev ncua deb ntawm daim hlau

 

4.Unit ntawm Capacitance

 

Chav tsev ntawm capacitance yog farad (F). Txij li thaum lub farad yog ib chav tsev loj heev, feem ntau cov tswv yim capacitors raug ntsuas nyob rau hauv me me xws li picofarads (pF), nanofarads (nF), thiab microfarads (μF).

Capacitance qhia tias tus nqi hluav taws xob ntau npaum li cas lub capacitor tuaj yeem khaws cia rau ib chav tsev voltage. Nws yog txhais los ntawm kev sib raug zoo:

qhov twg:

 

• Q yog tus nqi khaws cia,

 

• C yog lub capacitance, thiab

 

• V yog qhov siv hluav taws xob.

 

Yog li, lub capacitance ntau dua txhais tau hais tias tus nqi ntau dua tuaj yeem khaws cia ntawm tib qhov hluav taws xob.

 

Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias capacitance tsis sawv cev rau lub peev xwm ntawm nws tus kheej; es, nws piav txog kev sib raug zoo ntawm tus nqi thiab voltage. Rau ib tug muab capacitance, ib tug taag npaum li cas ntawm tus nqi sib raug mus rau proportional hloov nyob rau hauv voltage.

 

Qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob ntawm lub capacitor hais txog qhov siab tshaj plaws uas nws tuaj yeem tiv taus yam tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj. Tus nqi khaws cia nce nrog ob qho tib si capacitance thiab siv voltage.

 

Feem ntau, cov capacitors loj dua (nrog rau qhov muaj peev xwm ntau dua) yuav muaj qhov loj ntawm lub cev thiab cov nqi siab dua.

 

5.Classification ntawm Capacitor

Polarized Capacitor

Polarized capacitors tau qhia meej meej qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo. Lawv yuav tsum tau txuas nrog qhov tseeb polarity; txwv tsis pub, kev sib txuas rov qab tuaj yeem ua rau overheating, to, lossis txawm tias tawg thiab tawg.

 

Liquid Electrolytic Capacitor

Liquid electrolytic capacitor yog ib hom polarized capacitor. Lawv muaj peev xwm ua tau zoo heev thiab muaj peev xwm ua tau ntau dua qhov hluav taws xob, tab sis lawv feem ntau loj dua, muaj kev txwv siab - zaus ua haujlwm, thiab lub neej ua haujlwm nruab nrab.

 

Cov capacitors no tau siv dav hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob rau kev lim dej thiab qhov hluav taws xob smoothing.

 

Ib qho piv txwv yog aluminium electrolytic capacitor. Nws feem ntau ntsia ze ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob los muab lub zog cia thiab ruaj khov voltage.

 

Khoom -State Electrolytic Capacitor

 

Tantalum capacitors yog ib hom electrolytic capacitor uas siv tantalum hlau ua cov anode thiab cov khoom electrolyte. Lawv nyob rau hauv qeb ntawm cov khoom - xeev electrolytic capacitors.

 

Lawv muab lub peev xwm siab rau ib chav tsev ntim (me me), kev ruaj ntseg zoo, tsis tshua muaj hluav taws xob tam sim no, thiab kev ua haujlwm txhim khu kev qha tshaj qhov kub ntau.

Txawm li cas los xij, lawv feem ntau muaj qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob qis dua piv rau lwm hom capacitor thiab rhiab heev rau overvoltage thiab thim rov qab polarity.

 

Tantalum capacitors yog polarized thiab yuav tsum tau txuas nrog qhov tseeb polarity. Lawv feem ntau yog siv nyob rau hauv qis-voltage, compact electronic devices for power supply filtering, decoupling, and audio applications.

 

Piv txwv li, tantalum capacitors tau dav siv hauv cov xov tooj ntawm tes thiab tseem muaj nyob hauv cov khoos phis tawj.

 

Tsis yog -Polarized Capacitor

 

Ceramic Capacitor

Ceramic capacitors (tseem hu ua ceramic disc capacitors) tsis yog -polarized Cheebtsam, txhais tau tias lawv tsis muaj qhov zoo lossis qhov tsis zoo thiab tuaj yeem txuas rau ob qho tib si.

 

Lawv yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm qhov muaj peev xwm me me, qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob siab, qhov loj me, thiab qhov ua tau zoo heev - zaus. Vim cov khoom no, ceramic capacitors tau dav siv hauv kev siv xws li decoupling, filtering, thiab teeb liab coupling hauv hluav taws xob circuits.

 

6. DimensionsTolerance

 

Capacitors feem ntau muaj qhov siab dav dav piv rau lwm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob.

 

Rau ceramic capacitors, cov qib siab kam rau ua muaj xws li:

 

±5% (J)- nruj dua kam rau ua

 

±10% (K)- nquag siv

 

±20% (M)- siv dav

 

+80% / −20% (Z)- heev xoob kam rau ua

 

Hauv kev xyaum:

 

pF-theem capacitorfeem ntau siv ± 5% kam rau ua

 

nF-theem capacitorFeem ntau siv ± 10% kam rau ua

 

μF- qib capacitorFeem ntau siv ± 20% kam rau ua

 

Electrolytic capacitorfeem ntau yog ntsuas ntawm ± 20% lossis dav dua

 

High-precision capacitor tsis tshua siv vim tias muaj ntau daim ntawv thov capacitor- xws li kev lim fais fab thiab qhov hluav taws xob smoothing - tsis tas yuav tsum muaj qhov muaj peev xwm raug siab heev. Kev sib txawv me me feem ntau muaj qhov cuam tshuam tsawg kawg rau kev ua haujlwm hauv Circuit Court.

 

Txawm li cas los xij, hauv cov ntawv thov xws li RF sib txuam thiab lim cov tes hauj lwm, kev ua kom nruj dua (piv txwv li, ± 5%) yuav tsum tau ua kom ntseeg tau cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov zaus. Txawm tias nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, tsis tshua muaj siab precision yog feem ntau tsis tsim nyog, raws li tus txheej txheem tolerances yog txaus los tswj kom zoo.

 

7.Capacitor Dimensions

 

Rau ceramic thiab tantalum capacitors, pob sizing ua raws tib tus qauv siv rau resistors. Cov khoom me me-mount cov khoom siv imperial codes xws li 0201, 0402, 0603, thiab 0805, thaum cov pob loj dua kuj tseem tuaj yeem qhia hauv cov lej ntsuas xws li 2520, 3525, thiab lwm yam.

 

Rau cylindrical electrolytic capacitors, qhov ntev yog feem ntau teev raws li txoj kab uas hla × qhov siab (piv txwv li, 6 hli × 11 hli).

 

Hauv kev tsim kho vajtse, nws feem ntau pom zoo kom khaws cov hneev taw loj me me rau cov capacitors thaum twg los tau. Piv txwv li, yog hais tias ib tug 6 × 11 mm hneev taw yog faib, qhov siab tshaj plaws specification tej zaum yuav nyob ib ncig ntawm 100 μF, 25 V. Thaum nws yog ib qho yooj yim los hloov lub capacitor me me rau tus nqi txo, kev kho kom zoo dua rau lub capacitance ntau dua nyob rau hauv tib qhov loj yog feem ntau tsis ua tau. Piv txwv li, 470 μF, 25 V capacitor feem ntau tsis tuaj yeem tsim nyob rau hauv pob 6 × 11 mm.

 

Tib qhov kev txiav txim siab siv rau ceramic capacitor. Piv txwv li, nrog ib pob 0805, qhov siab tshaj plaws uas feem ntau muaj specification yog nyob ib ncig ntawm 22 μF, 6.3 V. Capacitors nrog ntau dua capacitance los yog siab dua voltage ratings yog ib qho nyuaj rau tau txais nyob rau hauv lub pob loj no.