Kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob reactive

Koj puas tau khiav mus rau qhov teeb meem nyuaj no? Koj tau teeb tsa cov nyiaj them rov qab ntxiv txhawm rau txhim kho lub zog hluav taws xob zoo - tsis tau koj cov nqi hluav taws xob tau nce, tsis poob.Dab tsi yog qhov kev ua haujlwm zais tom qab qhov tshwm sim tsis zoo no? Hauv daim ntawv no, peb rhuav tshem cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob reactive, taug kev koj los ntawm kev suav rau kev them nyiaj muaj peev xwm, thiab piav qhia cov tswv yim ntsuas kom txo tau thiab tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj.

 

Lub zog tseem ceeb yog load- nyob ntawm. Hauv DC circuits, lub hwj chim tseem ceeb yog ib txwm raws nraim 1, yog li lub tswv yim nws tus kheej tsis cuam tshuam. Thaum peb nkag mus rau lub ntiaj teb fais fab AC, lub zog hluav taws xob tuaj yeem ua si - thiab nws yuav luag ib txwm tsawg dua 1.

 

Lub zog qhov tseem ceeb tau raug txhais raws li qhov piv ntawm lub zog ua haujlwm rau lub zog pom tseeb.

Lub zog muaj zog: Lub zog hluav taws xob tiag tiag siv los ntawm cov khoom siv los tsim cov haujlwm tiag tiag, muaj txiaj ntsig zoo.

Reactive zog: Nws yeej tsis siv los ntawm kev thauj khoom; xwb. Nws yog lub zog uas tsis tu ncua circulates thiab idly oscillates hauv daim phiaj fais fab.

Geometric kev sib raug zoo ntawm peb qhov ntau raws li cov qauv no:

                                                     P²+Q²=S²(Active Power² + Reactive Power²=Pom Lub Zog²)

2. Vim li cas peb thiaj xav tau kev them nyiaj rov qab muaj zog?

 

Lub zog qhov tseem ceeb yog qhov txiav txim siab los ntawm tus cwj pwm capacitive thiab inductive ntawm koj cov kab hluav taws xob thiab cov khoom thauj.

Tsis zoo li qhov kawg- cov khoom siv, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ob qho tib si kos thiab khaws cov hluav taws xob ib ntus. Hauv feem ntau cov xwm txheej, lawv lub zog kos deb tshaj lawv lub peev xwm khaws cia. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no tseem tsim ib feem ntawm qhov tam sim no uas ntws los ntawm qhov system, tseem tsis tau ua haujlwm zoo ib yam.

 

tej zaum yuav nug:Nws puas tseem ceeb rau kuv yog tias lub hwj chim tsis ua haujlwm tiag?

Txawm hais tias nws yuav zoo li tsis cuam tshuam rau koj, nws yog ib qho kev txhawj xeeb tseem ceeb rau cov nroj tsuag hluav taws xob thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Thaum lub tshuab hluav taws xob ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv qhov kev txwv tam sim no muaj kev nyab xeeb, lub zog qis dua ncaj qha txo tus nqi siv tau, tsim hluav taws xob nws tuaj yeem muab tau. Txij li thaum hluav taws xob raug them nyiaj tshwj xeeb rau kev siv hluav taws xob nkaus xwb.Reactive fais fab pov tseg cov khoom tsim muaj txiaj ntsig thiab cov phiaj xwm phiaj xwm muaj peev xwm - thaum xa tawm tsis muaj nyiaj tau los rau cov chaw muab hluav taws xob.

 

Xav txog qhov no: nws zoo ib yam li caij tsheb ciav hlau. Tus neeg caij npav yuav ib daim pib, mus ntawm qhov pib mus rau qhov kawg ntawm kab, ces tig rov qab thiab caij rov qab. Lawv rov qab thiab tawm mus txhua hnub, thiab tsis txawm tawm ntawm qhov chaw nres tsheb. Lawv tsuas them tus nqi me me xwb, tab sis tseem khi lub peev xwm thauj mus los tag nrho lub sijhawm - tsis xav tias tus neeg tsav tsheb subway yuav poob!

 

Yog li yuav ua li cas peb kho qhov no?Cov xov xwm zoo yog: reactive hwj chim los ntawm capacitive loads thiab inductive loads ib txwm tso tseg ib leeg. Tam sim no hla lub capacitor ua qhov voltage los ntawm 90 degree, thaum tam sim no los ntawm inductor lags qhov voltage los ntawm 90 degree. Thaum capacitive reactance thiab inductive reactance sib npaug zoo kawg nkaus, tag nrho cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob tuaj yeem ncav cuag tus nqi zoo tshaj ntawm 1.

 

Tam sim no ib lo lus nug tseem ceeb tshwm sim: nyob rau hauv ib txwm muaj tiag - lub ntiaj teb lub zog faib hluav taws xob, peb puas muaj cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntau dua, lossis cov khoom siv hluav taws xob?

Hauv cov ntsiab lus dav dav, lub capacitor tsuas yog ob lub cev sib cais, thiab ib txwm nthuav tawm tsuas yog me me ntawm cov peev txheej hauv feem ntau. Inductance los ntawm qhov sib txawv, yog nyob txhua qhov chaw: nws muaj nyob rau hauv coils, hluav taws xob motors thiab cov tshuab zoo sib xws. Txhua yam khoom siv nrog winding coils suav tias yog qhov inductive load.

 

Tias yog vim li cas inductive loads hnyav dominate tag nrho cov kev siv hluav taws xob txhua hnub - thiab qhov no yog vim li cas vim li cas reactive fais fab nyiaj them yuav luag ib txwm tsim nyog.Cov txheej txheem kev lag luam mus kom ze yog qhov loj thiab nruab qhov sib txuam fais fab capacitors raws li koj qhov chaw qhov tseeb reactive zog yuav tsum tau, kom ntseeg tau boost lub zog tag nrho lub zog.

 

Kev them nyiaj yug txoj kev xaiv

 

Local On -Site Compensation:Tsawg-voltage reactive hwj chim yuav tsum tau them nyiaj rau qis- theem voltage siv LV capacitors, thaum siab -voltage reactive fais fab yog tswj los ntawm HV capacitor. Shunt capacitors yuav tsum tsis txhob muab ntsia rau ntawm qhov siab -voltage sab yog tias tsis muaj siab-voltage load.

 

Hloov Scheme:Los ntawm txhais tes hloov ua haujlwm zoo tshaj plaws rau lub hauv paus zoo li qub reactive loads nrog kev ua haujlwm ruaj khov. Kev hloov pauv tsis siv neeg yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau kev tiv thaiv dhau- them nyiaj thiab tshem tawm cov teeb meem overvoltage thaum lub teeb ci- thauj khoom.

 

Tswj & Tswj:Thaum lub zog efficiency yog lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb, lub zog reactive -raws li parameter tswj yog qhov kev daws teeb meem. Rau kev hloov pauv, cuam tshuam- hom nrawm- hloov pauv, thyristor- tswj kev them nyiaj xa tawm du, inrush- hloov pauv dawb, thiab txhawb kev ywj pheej cais- theem kho.

 

Txoj Cai Tswj Nyiaj Txiag Pab Pawg:Capacitor pawg yuav tsum tau ua kom zoo sib xws rau cov kev qhia tshwj xeeb ntawm tag nrho cov khoom siv hauv lub cev, txhawm rau tshem tawm qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm resonance thaum hloov cov xwm txheej.

 

Harmonic & Surge Mitigation:High-Voltage capacitor banks yuav tsum haum nrog cov reactors series. Nyob rau hauv qis-voltage systems, koj tuaj yeem nce qhov hloov pauv ntawm tus kheej, lossis siv lub hom phiaj tshwj xeeb- tsim cov contactors / thyristor keyboards, kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev hloov pauv cov dej ntws tawm.

 

4. Yuav ua li cas loj npaum li cas Reactive Compensation Capacity

 

Peb qhov tseem ceeb tsis yuav tsum tau lees paub ua ntej qhov nyiaj them poob haujlwm:

Pib kev khiav hauj lwm fais fab tuag cosφ1

Lub hom phiaj xav tau lub zog ua haujlwm cosφ2

System active zog P

 

Kev suav cov qauv:

Tswv yim siv piv txwv

 

Ib qhov chaw ua haujlwm a630 kVA uatransformer, tam sim no khiav ntawm qhov pib lub zog ntawm 0.6, thiab yuav tsum tau txhim kho lub zog ntawm lub hom phiaj ntawm 0.9. Yuav tsum muaj peev xwm them nyiaj dab tsi?

 

Siv cov qauv saum toj no yields ib tug xam reactive thov ntawm kwv yees li334 qw. Rau daim ntawv thov no, 334 kvar cia li hloov lub txhab nyiaj capacitor yog qhov kev pom zoo thiab kev daws teeb meem zoo.

 

Kev kwv yees ceev rau qhov project tshiab

Rau kev txhim kho tshiab uas tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm ntawm lub hwj chim uas twb muaj lawm, kev lag luam tus qauv kev coj ua yog kwv yees cov peev txheej ntawm30% mus rau 40% ntawm transformer lub nominal rated peev.

 

5. Dab tsi yog qhov txaus ntshai dhau ntawm -Cov nyiaj them poob haujlwm?

 

Capacitive zog them nyiaj ua haujlwm los ntawm kev siv shunt capacitors los tswj cov kab hluav taws xob ruaj khov thiab tiv thaiv qhov hluav taws xob tawg. Uas tau hais tias, sizing koj lub txhab nyiaj them nyiaj loj heev qhia txog qhov tsis zoo:

 

Tsis tsim nyog Grid Losses:Los ntawm cov nqi hluav taws xob qhov kev xav, ob qho tib si capacitive thiab inductive reactive tam sim no tsim ntxiv zog poob. Ib qho nyiaj them tshaj li qhov xav tau tiag tiag muab xoom ua haujlwm kom zoo dua.

 

Resonance Hazard:Thaum tus neeg siv khoom- sab kab sib chaws dhau los ua lub peev xwm, thaum cov kab hluav taws xob xa hluav taws xob tseem nyob hauv qhov inductive, qhov tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm cov khoom tuaj yeem ua rau lub zog muaj zog. Qhov no ua rau muaj kev kub ntxhov thiab overcurrent txheej xwm, uas tuaj yeem rhuav tshem cov cuab yeej txuas mus tas li - thiab nyob rau hauv qhov xwm txheej phem tshaj plaws, txawm tias ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam hauv cheeb tsam.

 

Vim li no, ntau dua - cov nyiaj them poob haujlwm yuav tsum raug tiv thaiv ib txwm. Kev lag luam kev coj ua zoo tshaj plaws tsuas yog xav kom tswj hwm lub zog ntawm ib puag ncig 0.9. Ntawm qhov chaw teeb tsa no, kwv yees li ib nrab ntawm lub zog ua haujlwm tseem muaj cov reactive tam sim no, uas ua rau cov kab poob los ntawm 56%. Txawm hais tias thaum nce mus rau PF ntawm 0.95, cov khoom siv rov ua haujlwm tseem suav txog kwv yees li 31% ntawm tag nrho lub zog.

 

Hauv kev ua haujlwm tiag - ntiaj teb kev ua haujlwm, kev ntsuas ntxiv xws li kev txhim kho cov reactors series kuj tseem yuav tsum tau, txhawm rau tshem tawm qhov txaus ntshai voltage thiab tam sim no kev nthuav dav.