Cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev suav cov qauv rau cua sov ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob
Mar 17, 2026| I. Cua sov muaj peev xwm ntawm qhov siab thiab qis voltage Switchgear / Panels
Lub tshav kub dissipation ntawm siab -voltage switchgear panels tuaj yeem suav nrog cov qauv hauv qab no:
Q=(Ig/Ie)2qe(kW)
Ig: Kev khiav hauj lwm tam sim no ntawm high -voltage hloov (A)
Ie: Rated tam sim no ntawm qhov siab -voltage hloov (A)
qe: Thaum tshav kub kub dissipation ntawm high -voltage hloov ntawm rated tam sim no
High-voltage switchgear muab faib ua cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Feem ntau, qhov hluav taws xob tsim hluav taws xob ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tuaj yog ntau dua li ntawm feeder switchgear
Lub tshav kub dissipation ntawm qis-voltage switchgear panels tuaj yeem suav nrog siv cov qauv hauv qab no:
Q=e ×∑P(kW)
e: Kev siv qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lub vaj huam sib luag
x: qhov poob qhov tseeb ntawm lub vaj huam sib luag
∑P: Tag nrho cov hluav taws xob poob ntawm tag nrho cov khoom hluav taws xob hauv qhov qis -voltage vaj huam sib luag (kW)
● Vim yog lub hom phiaj sib txawv thiab kev khiav hauj lwm tam sim no ntawm ntau lub vaj huam sib luag hauv qhov chaw nres tsheb fais fab, feem ntau, qhov loj dua qhov kev khiav hauj lwm tam sim no, qhov ntau dua qhov kub ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hauv lub vaj huam sib luag. Rau qhov nruab nrab ntawm cov txheej txheem faib khoom, nws raug nquahu kom tau txais cov ntaub ntawv tsim hluav taws xob ntau dua los ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom.
● Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog, rau cov vaj huam sib luag tseem ceeb, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tau muab tso rau sab hauv los tiv thaiv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, tiv thaiv cov av noo ntau dhau thiab txo cov rwb thaiv tsev. Lub hwj chim ntawm txhua lub vaj huam sib luag yog feem ntau txog 0.3 ~ 0.5 kW, uas yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab nyob rau hauv centrally teem relay tiv thaiv chav.
II. Transformer Thaum tshav kub kub tiam
Lub tshav kub dissipation ntawm transformers feem ntau yog hais txog lub zog poob nyob rau hauv lub transformer, uas muaj ob yam: tooj liab poob (resistive loss) thiab hlau poob (magnetic poob). tooj liab poob nws txawv nrog lub load, thaum hlau poob yog ywj siab ntawm lub load thiab tuaj yeem suav tias yog qhov tas li. Feem ntau, cov tooj liab poob ntawm qhov ntsuas load yog txhais tau tias yog luv luv -circuit poob, thiab cov hlau poob ntawm qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob txhais tau tias tsis muaj -load poob.
Kev poob ntawm tus kheej -txias, huab cua- txias, thiab qhuav- hom transformers yog tag nrho dissipated rau hauv cov huab cua ib puag ncig. Piv txwv li, rau cov dej-cooled transformers, feem ntau ntawm cov poob yog nqa tawm los ntawm cov dej txias system, thaum ib feem me me yog dissipated rau hauv cov huab cua vim cov roj kub siab tshaj qhov kub ntawm huab cua.
Feem ntau, nyob rau hauv cov factories, underground power stations, thiab pumped storage power stations, lub ntsiab transformers teem nyob rau hauv lub Hoobkas tsev los yog underground feem ntau txais yuav dej txias. Txawm li cas los xij, lwm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hauv chaw nres tsheb fais fab, xws li chaw nres tsheb kev pabcuam transformers, teeb pom kev zoo transformers, transformers thaum muaj xwm ceev, thiab excitation transformers, feem ntau txais yuav cua -txias los yog qhuav- hom transformers.
Lub tshav kub dissipation ntawm huab cua-cooled transformers tuaj yeem xam tau yooj yim los ntawm cov qauv hauv qab no:
Q=Pk+Pd(kW)
Pk - Tsis muaj -load poob ntawm lub transformer (kW)
Lub tshav kub dissipation ntawm dej-cooled transformers tuaj yeem xam los ntawm cov qauv hauv qab no:
Q=5.5×(ty−tn)1.25A×10−3(kW)
Qhov twg: ty- Nruab nrab roj kub ntawm lub tank transformer (feem ntau ntawm 65-70 degree)
tn - Ambient sab hauv tsev kub (degree)
III. Thaum tshav kub kub Generation ntawm Busbars thiab Cables
Hauv cov chaw nres tsheb fais fab, kev sib txuas ntawm cov tshuab hluav taws xob thiab cov tshuab hloov pauv feem ntau siv tus kheej -cooled enclosed busbars. Kev tsim hluav taws xob ntawm busbars suav nrog ob ntu: hluav taws xob tsim hluav taws xob los ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob poob thiab cuam tshuam cov cua sov los ntawm lub thawv.
Txij li thaum ob qho kawg ntawm lub ntsiab busbar txuas nrog lub tshuab hluav taws xob thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob sib txuas, cov huab cua ntawm lub busbar thiab lub qhov rooj kaw tau raug kaw. Lub kaw lus ua raws li kev tiv thaiv thiab electromagnetic shielding kom txo tau qhov cuam tshuam ntawm busbar lub electromagnetic teb ntawm ib puag ncig cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab ib puag ncig, tsis txo cov cua kub dissipation ntawm busbar. Lub tshav kub los ntawm busbar fais fab poob yog xa mus rau huab cua ntawm lub busbar thiab lub enclosure, ces mus rau ib puag ncig los ntawm lub enclosure plhaub. Lub induced cua sov dissipation ntawm lub enclosure yog ncaj qha mus rau ib puag ncig.
Lub tshav kub dissipation tshwm sim los ntawm busbar fais fab poob tuaj yeem xam los ntawm cov qauv hauv qab no:
qs=3×I2RΣφsL×10−3(kW)
I: Kev khiav hauj lwm tam sim no ntawm busbar (A)
RΣ: Qhov sib npaug ntawm qhov sib npaug ntawm qhov ntev ntawm lub busbar (Ω / m)
φs: Qhov sib npaug coefficient ntawm lub zog poob dissipated rau ib puag ncig
L: Ntev ntawm busbar (m)
Lub induced tshav kub dissipation ntawm busbar enclosure tuaj yeem suav nrog cov qauv hauv qab no:
qk=3×I2RkφkL×10−3(kW)
I: Theem tam sim no ntawm busbar (A)
RZ: DC tsis kam ntawm busbar ntawm kev khiav hauj lwm kub (Ω / m)
Rk: DC tsis kam ntawm busbar enclosure ntawm kev khiav hauj lwm kub (Ω / m)
φs: Daim tawv nqaij coefficient ntawm busbar
φk: Daim tawv nqaij coefficient ntawm busbar enclosure
L: Ntev ntawm busbar (m)
IV. Thaum tshav kub kub Generation ntawm Reactors
Reactors yog siv nyob rau hauv loj - muaj peev xwm faib cov khoom siv hluav taws xob los txwv luv luv - cov hluav taws xob tam sim no, thiab tseem tuaj yeem siv ua lim reactors hauv cov khoom siv kho kom raug.
Lub tshav kub dissipation ntawm lub reactor tuaj yeem suav nrog cov qauv hauv qab no:
Q=η1η2P(kW)>Qhov twg:
η1: Kev siv qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lub reactor, feem ntau coj li0.95
η2: Load factor ntawm lub reactor, feem ntau coj li0.75
P: Lub zog poob ntawm lub reactor ntawm qhov ntsuas fais fab (kW), txiav txim siab los ntawm cov ntsuas tam sim no, ntsuas qhov ntsuas thiab cov qauv
Cov reactors yog tsim los ntawm windings, muaj peev xwm loj thaum tshav kub kub thiab tsim hluav taws xob, thiab nws yuav siv sij hawm ib lub sij hawm kom ncav cuag cov hluav taws kub ruaj khov. Rau reactors ua haujlwm tsis tu ncua, lub tshav kub tsim ruaj khov; rau kev khiav hauj lwm reactors tsis tu ncua, lub tshav kub tsim yuav tsum tau txiav txim raws li lub sij hawm ua hauj lwm thiab lub tshav kub tiam yam ntxwv nkhaus ntawm reactor.
V. Thaum tshav kub kub Generator Sets
Lub tshav kub dissipation ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob teeb feem ntau yog los ntawm ob yam: ib qho yog kev hloov hluav taws xob los ntawm lub hau npog thiab cov txheej txheem casing, thiab lwm yam yog cov cua kub uas coj los ntawm cov dej ntws ntawm cov cua txias ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob.
Loj thiab nruab nrab- cov tshuab tsim hluav taws xob loj feem ntau yog siv cov huab cua kaw tus kheej- kev ua kom txias txias: qhov poob ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob winding yog hloov mus rau cov cua txias, thiab tom qab ntawd cov cua kub ntawm cov cua raug tshem tawm los ntawm cov dej txias los ntawm cov txheej txheem dej txias. Raws li cov ntaub ntawv ntsuas, qhov kub ntawm cov cua tawm ntawm lub stator feem ntau tsis tshaj 65 degree, thaum qhov kub ntawm cov cua nkag mus rau lub rotor feem ntau tsis qis dua 5 degree.
Lub tshav kub dissipation ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob casing tuaj yeem xam los ntawm cov qauv hauv qab no:
qk=KA(tg−tn)(W)
K: Kub hloov coefficient ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob casing (W / (m²· degree))
A: Qhov chaw ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob casing (m²)
tg: Qhov nruab nrab kub ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob cua txias (degree)
tn: Sab hauv tsev ambient kub (degree)
Thaum tshav kub kub dissipation los ntawm Generator Air Leakage
Lub tshav kub dissipation tshwm sim los ntawm generator cua to tuaj yeem xam los ntawm cov qauv hauv qab no:
qf= vc (tf−tn)
: Cov dej xau coefficient (0.3% rau steel npog daim hlau)
v: Cua txias ntim ntim (m³ / h)
c: Lub peev xwm tshwj xeeb ntawm huab cua (W / (kg· degree))
Huab cua ceev (1.2 kg / m³)
tf: Cua kub (degree)
tn: Sab hauv tsev ambient kub (degree)
Ntsiab Lus: Kev suav ntawm huab cua to cua sov poob ntau nyob ntawm qhovcua txias (v). Vim muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm cov qauv tsim ntawm cov tuam txhab tsim khoom hauv tsev thiab thoob ntiaj teb, qhov ntsuas huab cua tuaj yeem sib txawv heev (piv txwv li, 200 m³ / h vs . 120 m³ / h rau 300MW unit). Txhawm rau kom tau txais qhov tseeb, nws raug pom zoo kom tau txais cov txheej txheem cua txias ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob los ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom siv hluav taws xob es tsis txhob cia siab rau kev suav phau ntawv.
VI. Thaum tshav kub kub Generation ntawm SFC Static Frequency Converter Pib ntaus ntawv
SFC (Static Frequency Converter) yog ib lub tshuab pib hloov pauv zaus zoo li qub, feem ntau yog siv rau kev pib twj tso kua mis -chaw nres tsheb fais fab chaw nres tsheb nyob rau hauv cov dej ntws. Nws muaj cov input reactors, tso zis reactors, lim, hwj chim txee, thiab DC reactors.
Rau lub twj tso kua mis - chaw nres tsheb fais fab nrog ib chav tsev muaj peev xwm ntawm 300 MW, lub peev xwm ntawm txhua yam khoom siv hauv SFC muab los ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom txawv teb chaws yog raws li hauv qab no:
SFC Device Capacity
| Tsis muaj. | Khoom npe | Kev khiav hauj lwm (kW) | Standby (kW) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Input Reactor | 27 | 3 |
| 2 | Tso zis Reactor | 63 | 0 |
| 3 | Lim | 83 | 28 |
| 4 | Lub hwj chim txee | 15 | 6 |
| 5 | DC Reactor | 200 | 0 |
| 6 | Tag nrho | 388 | 37 |
Raws li peb tuaj yeem pom, qhov tsim hluav taws xob ntawm SFC ntaus ntawv nce mus txog 388 kW thaum xam ntawm tag nrho cov load. Raws li kev txheeb xyuas kev ua haujlwm tiag tiag thiab kev txheeb cais ntawm qee qhov kev khiav hauj lwm twj tso kua mis - chaw nres tsheb fais fab, qhov pib ntawm ib chav tsev (los ntawm kev sib txuas zoo li qub mus rau kab sib txuas) tsuas yog siv 240 vib nas this, thiab lub sij hawm pib rau 6 units yog li 25 feeb.
Raws li SFC ntaus ntawv kev khiav hauj lwm tus yam ntxwv nkhaus muab los ntawm txawv teb chaws chaw tsim tshuaj paus:
Input reactors, tso zis reactors, thiab DC reactors ncav cuag20%ntawm lawv qhov ntsuas kub tsim tom qab 25 feeb ntawm kev ua haujlwm.
Cov lim dej thiab cov txee fais fab mus txog kwv yees li70%ntawm lawv qhov ntsuas kub tsim.
Raws li qhov kev suav no, lub tshav kub tsim ntawm SFC ntaus ntawv yog hais txogPEB 126.6 kW, yog32.6%ntawm qhov ntsuas kub tsim.
Kev tsim hluav taws xob ntawm SFC ntaus ntawv yog ze rau nws lub peev xwm thiab lub sijhawm ua haujlwm. Txhawm rau txiav txim siab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tsim kom raug ntau dua, nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau thov cov cuab yeej ua haujlwm cov yam ntxwv nkhaus los ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom, thiab suav nrog raws li cov cuab yeej muaj peev xwm thiab lub sijhawm ua haujlwm.
VII. Thaum tshav kub kub tsim cov khoom siv teeb pom kev zoo
Rau qhov loj thiab nruab nrab- cov chaw nres tsheb fais fab loj, lub teeb pom kev zoo yuav nce ntxiv vim qhov kev thov rau cov teeb pom kev zoo hauv vaj tsev kho kom zoo nkauj thiab toj roob hauv pes tsim. Nrog rau kev txhim kho cov khoom siv teeb pom kev zoo, daim ntawv thov teeb pom kev zoo hauv cov chaw nres tsheb fais fab tau hloov los ntawm cov teeb pom kev zoo thiab cov teeb fluorescent mus rau siab - teeb pom kev zoo xws li iodine-tungsten teeb thiab hlau halide teeb. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov hluav taws kub dissipation ntawm cov khoom siv teeb pom kev zoo yog qhov ruaj khov: ntev npaum li qhov hluav taws xob thiab lub zog ruaj khov, cov cua kub dissipation tseem tsis hloov.
Ib feem ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob siv los ntawm lub teeb pom kev ncaj qha mus rau hauv tshav kub, uas yog dissipated mus rau ib puag ncig los ntawm convection thiab conduction. Lub teeb lub zog radiates sab nraud nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm infrared hluav taws xob, uas tsis tuaj yeem nqus tau ncaj qha los ntawm huab cua, tiam sis dhau los ntawm cov huab cua kom nqus tau los ntawm cov khoom nyob ib puag ncig, thiab tom qab ntawd xa mus rau huab cua. Qhov hloov dua siab tshiab rau hauv lub teeb kuj yog thawj zaug rau cov khoom nyob ib puag ncig, absorbed los ntawm cov khoom thiab ces hloov mus rau hauv tshav kub, uas yog ces pauv mus rau cov huab cua thiab lwm yam khoom los ntawm convection, conduction los yog hluav taws xob.
Thaum tshav kub kub tsim cov khoom siv teeb pom kev zoo yog xam raws li:
Q=n1N (kW)
n1: Fais fab noj coefficient ntawm ballast, feem ntau coj li1.2
N: Tag nrho lub zog ntawm cov khoom siv teeb pom kev zoo (kW)