Reactive fais fab nyiaj them yog dab tsi, thiab cov nyiaj them poob haujlwm yog xam li cas?
Feb 02, 2026| Hauv kev ua haujlwm txhua hnub, koj puas tau ntsib cov lus nug no: lub peev xwm ntawm transformers yog ntsuas hauv kilovolt-amperes (kVA), lub zog ntawm cov motors hauv kilowatts (kW), thiab lub zog ntawm capacitor them nyiaj hauv vars lossis kilovars (var). Vim li cas thiaj muaj peb nqe lus sib txawv rau cov chav uas txhua tus sawv cev hluav taws xob?
Qhov no coj peb mus rau lub ntsiab lus uas peb yuav tham txog niaj hnub no: kev sib raug zoo ntawm lub zog reactive (unit: var los yog kvar), active zog (unit: W los yog kW), pom meej zog (unit: VA los yog kVA), thiab lub hwj chim yam.
I. Nyob rau hauv daim phiaj hluav taws xob, cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob muab los ntawm qhov chaw rau cov khoom thauj tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob hom: lub zog ua haujlwm thiab lub zog reactive.
(1) Reactive zog (Q):
Ntau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ua haujlwm raws li cov txheej txheem electromagnetic induction, xws li kev faib cov transformers thiab motors. Cov motors xav tau kev tsim thiab kev saib xyuas ntawm qhov chaw sib nqus sib nqus kom tsav lub rotor, uas nyob rau hauv lem drives mechanical motion. Lub rotor lub magnetic teb nyob rau hauv ib lub cev muaj zog yog generated los ntawm kos reactive zog los ntawm lub hwj chim qhov chaw.
Transformers kuj xav tau lub zog reactive los tsim ib qho chaw sib nqus nyob rau hauv thawj winding thiab induce voltage nyob rau hauv lub thib ob winding. Yog li ntawd, tsis muaj zog reactive, motors yuav tsis tig, transformers tsis tuaj yeem hloov voltage, thiab AC contactors yuav tsis koom. Cov tshuab hluav taws xob tuaj yeem tsim hluav taws xob reactive, thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tuaj yeem muab lub zog reactive - qhov no yog lub hauv paus ntawm kev them nyiaj rov qab siv hluav taws xob.
(2) Lub zog muaj zog (P):
Lub zog hluav taws xob yog hais txog ib feem ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob uas tuaj yeem hloov pauv ncaj qha rau hauv lwm hom hluav taws xob thiab siv tau. Piv txwv li, lub cev muaj zog hloov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob rau hauv lub tshuab hluav taws xob. Yog tias tsis xav txog kev ua haujlwm, 11 kW lub cev muaj zog tuaj yeem hloov 11 kWh ntawm hluav taws xob hluav taws xob mus rau qhov sib npaug ntawm cov tshuab hluav taws xob ib teev. 100 W incandescent teeb hloov 0.1 kWh ntawm hluav taws xob hluav taws xob rau hauv lub teeb lub zog ib teev. Ib yam li ntawd, lub tshuab hluav taws xob 1 kW hloov 1 kWh ntawm hluav taws xob hluav taws xob rau hauv thermal zog ib teev. Lub zog hluav taws xob yog lub zog hluav taws xob uas tuaj yeem hloov pauv ncaj qha mus rau lwm hom hluav taws xob.
(3) Pom muaj zog (S):
Hauv kev nkag siab, lub zog pom tseeb yog kev sib xyaw ntawm lub zog ua haujlwm (P) thiab lub zog rov ua haujlwm (Q). Rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, lub zog pom muaj xws li ob qho tib si active thiab reactive zog. Piv txwv li, lub hwj chim muab los ntawm lub transformer muaj xws li ob qho tib si active thiab reactive Cheebtsam, uas yog vim li cas lub peev xwm ntawm transformers yog qhia nyob rau hauv pom meej zog, ntsuas nyob rau hauv kilovolt -amperes (kVA).
II. Kev Sib Raug Zoo Ntawm Lub Hwj Chim Muaj Zog, Lub Hwj Chim Muaj Zog, thiab Lub Hwj Chim Pom Zoo
Txhawm rau piav qhia txog kev sib raug zoo ntawm peb qhov no, peb yuav tsum xub nkag siab tias lub zog yog dab tsi.
Hauv AC Circuit Court, lub cosine ntawm theem sib txawv (Φ) ntawm qhov hluav taws xob thiab tam sim no yog hu ua qhov hluav taws xob, uas txhais tau tias yog cosΦ. Piv txwv li, lub zog tseem ceeb yog qhov piv ntawm lub zog ua kom pom tseeb, piv txwv li, cosΦ=P / S.
(1) Lub zog reactive yog dab tsi?
Raws li cov kev sib raug zoo uas tau piav qhia los ntawm lub hwj chim daim duab peb sab, daim duab peb sab voltage, thiab daim duab peb sab impedance, lub zog reactive tuaj yeem nkag siab yooj yim hauv cov ntsiab lus hauv qab no:
Nyob rau hauv ib qho hluav taws xob Circuit Court, purely resistive Cheebtsam sivactive zog (P)Thaum inductive Cheebtsam (xws li reactor coils, transformer windings, thiab lub cev muaj zog stators los yog rotors) noj.reactive zog (Q). Ntawm qhov tod tes, capacitive Cheebtsam muab reactive zog (Q) - piv txwv li, capacitors thiab synchronous generators. (Ceeb toom: Thaum lub tshuab hluav taws xob synchronous ua haujlwm, nws cov windings coj tus cwj pwm, txhais tau tias nws muab ob qho tib si lub zog thiab lub zog reactive.)
Yog li, cov ntsiab lus yooj yim yog:
Inductive lossis capacitive Cheebtsam yog cov neeg siv khoom thiab cov chaw muab kev pabcuam reactive zog.
(2) Dab tsi yog qhov cuam tshuam tsis zoo ntawm lub zog reactive?
Txo cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tawm ntawm cov tshuab hluav taws xob
Qhov no yog vim tias tag nrho lub peev xwm (piv txwv li, pom meej lub zog S) ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob yog tsau. Yog tias muaj zog reactive Q ntau dhau lawm, lub zog nquag P yuav txo qis raws li; txwv tsis pub, lub tshuab hluav taws xob yuav overload.
Txo cov khoom siv hluav taws xob muaj peev xwm ntawm kev sib kis thiab cov khoom siv xa tawm
Qhov laj thawj yog tib yam li cov generators.
Nce kab voltage poob
Raws li cov reactive tam sim no nyob rau hauv Circuit Court nce, tag nrho tam sim no kuj nce. Qhov voltage poob (δU=IZ) yog proportional rau tam sim no. Cov hluav taws xob loj dua yuav tsum tau nce tus ntoo khaub lig- thaj tsam ntawm cov neeg xyuas pib, ua rau cov nqi peev ntau dua.
(3) Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm reactive zog
Ntau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ua haujlwm raws li cov txheej txheem electromagnetic induction, xws li kev faib cov transformers thiab motors.
Cov motors xav tau kev tsim thiab kev saib xyuas ntawm qhov chaw sib nqus sib nqus kom tsav lub rotor, uas nyob rau hauv lem drives mechanical motion. Lub rotor lub magnetic teb nyob rau hauv ib lub cev muaj zog yog generated los ntawm kos reactive zog los ntawm lub hwj chim qhov chaw.
Ib yam li ntawd, transformers xav tau lub zog reactive los tsim ib qho chaw sib nqus nyob rau hauv thawj winding, yog li inducing voltage nyob rau hauv lub thib ob winding.
Yog li ntawd, tsis muaj zog reactive:
Motors yuav tsis tig,
Transformers tsis tuaj yeem hloov qhov voltage,
AC contactors yuav tsis koom.
Los ntawm qhov no, nws yog tseeb hais tias reactive hwj chim plays lub luag hauj lwm txhawb nyob rau hauv lub conversion thiab transformation ntawm hluav taws xob zog. Yog tsis muaj lub zog reactive, cov hlau nplaum tsis tuaj yeem tsim tau, thiab hluav taws xob tsis tuaj yeem hloov mus rau hauv lub zog siv tshuab.
III. Yuav Ua Li Cas Reactive Power Compensation thiab xam Cov Nyiaj Them Se?
Saum toj no, peb tau txheeb xyuas lub luag haujlwm thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm lub zog reactive ua ke. Lub ntsiab drawbacks yog: ua ntej, nws tsub kom lub peev xwm ntawm transformers thiab tus ntoo khaub lig-sectional cheeb tsam ntawm conductors, uas indirectly nce nqi project; thib ob, tom qab ua haujlwm, lub zog yuav tsum tsis txhob poob qis dua 0.9, txwv tsis pub lub tuam txhab muab hluav taws xob yuav raug nplua.
Yog li ntawd, thaum lub sij hawm tsim engineering, peb yuav tsum xav txog qhov teeb meem no. Hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob uas tsis muaj lub tshuab hluav taws xob, cov kab hluav taws xob sib txuas feem ntau yog siv los txhim kho lub zog ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus yog kom muab lub zog reactive hauv zos, tshem tawm qhov xav tau los kos lub zog reactive los ntawm daim phiaj. Txoj hauv kev no tsis yog tsuas yog txo cov peev txheej ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tab sis kuj tseem txhim kho lub zog hluav taws xob ntawm sab metering.
(1) Kev xaiv ntawm Capacitor Compensation Methods
1.Thaum siv shunt fais fab capacitors li khoom siv hluav taws xob reactive fais fab nyiaj them, kom txo cov kab poob thiab qhov hluav taws xob poob, cov nyiaj them yuav tsum sib npaug zos. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias lub zog reactive hauv qis- qhov hluav taws xob qis yuav tsum tau them los ntawm qis-voltage capacitors, thaum lub zog reactive nyob rau hauv siab -voltage seem yuav tsum tau them los ntawm high-voltage capacitor.
Yog tias tsis muaj siab -voltage load, shunt capacitor li yuav tsum tsis txhob ntsia rau ntawm qhov siab -voltage sab.
Thaum ua cov nyiaj them rau ib tus neeg hauv zos rau lub cev muaj zog- cov khoom siv fais fab, qhov ntsuas tam sim no ntawm cov nyiaj them poob haujlwm yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj 0.9 npaug ntawm lub cev muaj zog tam sim no.
Thaum lub sij hawm xam cov hluav taws xob load, lub compensated reactive zog yuav tsum tau suav nrog.
2.Cov kev hloov pauv rau cov nyiaj them poob haujlwm capacitor cov tsev txhab nyiaj tau muab faib ua phau ntawv thiab tsis siv neeg.
Kev hloov ntawm phau ntawv yog tsim rau cov tsev txhab nyiaj capacitor uas them nyiaj rau qhov qis qis -voltage reactive zog, nrog rau siab -voltage capacitor banks nrog ruaj khov reactive fais fab xav tau thiab tsis tshua muaj kev hloov.
Txhawm rau kom tsis txhob dhau- cov nyiaj them poob haujlwm lossis qhov hluav taws xob ntau dhau thaum lub teeb thauj khoom, uas tuaj yeem ua rau qee yam khoom siv hluav taws xob puas tsuaj, kev hloov pauv tsis siv neeg tau pom zoo.
Yog hais tias cov teebmeem ntawm high-voltage thiab low-voltage automatic them nyiaj pab kiag li lawm zoo sib xws, tsawg-voltage tsis siv neeg them nyiaj pab kiag li lawm yuav tsum nyiam.
3.Regulation txoj kev rau tsis siv neeg reactive zog them:
Rau kev them nyiaj tshwj xeeb rau kev txuag hluav taws xob, cov kev txwv xws li lub zog reactive tuaj yeem siv rau kev tswj hwm.
Rau kev cuam tshuam cov loads, dynamically ceev - hloov loads, thiab peb -theem unbalanced loads, thyristors (electronic keyboards) tuaj yeem ua haujlwm rau kev tswj, ua kom muaj kev ua haujlwm zoo yam tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam tam sim no, muab kev ua tau zoo dynamic, thiab ua rau theem - cais tswj rau peb {sebalance.
4.Thaum pab pawg capacitors, kev sib raug zoo nrog cov kev tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm cov cuab yeej txhawb nqa yuav tsum tau ua kom ntseeg tau. Qhov kev tso cai ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov hluav taws xob yuav tsum tau ua kom tiav, thiab kev siv zog yuav tsum tau ua kom txo qis cov pab pawg thaum tsim nyog ua kom muaj peev xwm ntawm txhua pab pawg.
Kev hloov ntawm pawg capacitors yuav tsum tsis txhob ua kom muaj suab nrov.
5.High-voltage capacitor banks yuav tsum zoo dua yog txuas nrog hauv cov koob nrog cov reactors uas tsim nyog, thaum qis -voltage capacitor banks yuav tsum muaj peev xwm ua kom muaj peev xwm hloov tau siv cov contactors los yog thyristors kom txo tau inrush tam sim no thaum hloov.
Ntawm cov kab cuam tshuam los ntawm kev sib haum xeeb los ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, cov reactors yuav tsum tau txuas nrog hauv cov tuam txhab nyiaj capacitor.
(2) Kev suav ntawm Capacitor Compensation Capacity
Lub hom phiaj yog los txiav txim siab qhov xav tau reactive zog Qc (kvar) rau
