Xaiv cov khoom siv tiv thaiv Surge
Jan 28, 2026| 01 Kev txhais thiab kev faib cov khoom siv tiv thaiv kev kub ntxhov
1.Definition of Surge Protective Device
Surge Protective Device (SPD) yog ib qho uas tsis yog - cov khoom siv tiv thaiv kab uas siv hauv cov tshuab hluav taws xob nyob kom txwv tsis pub dhau qhov hluav taws xob dhau mus thiab cuam tshuam cov hluav taws xob tam sim no. Nws yog tsim los tiv thaiv hluav taws xob los yog hluav taws xob los ntawm kev puas tsuaj los ntawm xob laim, hloov overvoltages, thiab inrush tam sim no.
2.Classification ntawm Surge Protective Devices
SPDs tuaj yeem raug cais raws li cov yam ntxwv ntawm lawv cov khoom tsis yog -linear lossis raws li lawv cov kev thov tshwj xeeb hauv cov tshuab sib txawv.
2.1 Kev faib tawm raws li tsis yog - cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom sib xws
(1) Voltage Switching Hom SPD:
Muab pov thawj siab impedance nyob rau hauv ib txwm tej yam kev mob thiab hloov mus rau tsawg impedance raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm ib tug voltage surge. Cov khoom siv feem ntau muaj xws li cov khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khi Kuj tseem hu ua "Crowbar Type" SPD, nws muaj cov yam ntxwv tsis tu ncua thiab cov yam ntxwv tam sim no.
(2) Voltage Limiting Hom SPD:
Cov khoom pov thawj siab impedance nyob rau hauv ib txwm muaj, nrog impedance txo qis tsis tu ncua raws li qhov surge tam sim no thiab voltage nce. Cov khoom siv feem ntau suav nrog cov hlau oxide varistors (MOVs) thiab cov tshuaj tua hluav taws xob. Kuj hu ua "Clamping Type" SPD, nws nthuav tawm qhov hluav taws xob tsis tu ncua thiab cov yam ntxwv tam sim no.
(3) Kev sib xyaw hom SPD:
Tsim los ntawm ob qho tib si voltage switching thiab voltage limiting Cheebtsam. Nws cov yam ntxwv yuav tshwm sim raws li voltage hloov hom, voltage limiting hom, los yog ib tug ua ke ntawm ob qho tib si, nyob ntawm seb qhov siv voltage.
2.2 Kev faib tawm raws li daim ntawv thov yuav tsum tau ua nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem sib txawv
Raws li lawv lub hom phiaj, SPDs tuaj yeem muab faib ua: Lub Zog Hluav Taws Xob SPDs, Teeb Pom Kev SPDs, thiab kav hlau txais xov Feeder System SPDs.
02 Cov Ntsiab Lus Tseem Ceeb rau Kev Xaiv Cov Cuab Yeej Tiv Thaiv Kev Tiv Thaiv
1.Kev xaiv ntawm SPD Test Qeb
SPD xeem pawg tau muab faib ua peb hom: Class I, Class II, thiab Class III. Feem ntau, Chav Kawm I lossis Chav Kawm II SPDs yog siv hauv cov khoom faib loj; Chav Kawm II lossis Chav Kawm III SPDs yog tsim rau sub- faib vaj huam sib luag thiab cov ntawv thov hauv qab. Specifications piav txog qhov no raws li hauv qab no:
(1) Rau cov kab hluav taws xob AC nkag mus rau hauv ib lub tsev, ntawm thaj tsam ntawm thaj tsam xws li LPZ0A lossis LPZ0B thiab LPZ1 (piv txwv li, lub txee faib khoom loj), Chav Kawm I lossis Chav Kawm II kuaj SPD yuav tsum tau teeb tsa ua qhov kev tiv thaiv thawj.
(2) Ntawm thaj tsam tiv thaiv tom ntej, xws li cov khoom siv faib khoom hauv cov kab hluav taws xob lossis cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, Chav Kawm II lossis Chav Kawm III tau kuaj SPDs tuaj yeem raug teeb tsa ua kev tiv thaiv theem nrab.
(3) Rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tshwj xeeb tseem ceeb ntawm cov chaw nres nkoj fais fab, Chav Kawm II lossis Chav Kawm III tau kuaj SPDs tuaj yeem ntsia tau rau kev tiv thaiv zoo. Rau cov ntaub ntawv siv DC fais fab mov, tsim nyog DC fais fab kab SPDs yuav tsum tau ntsia raws li lawv cov kev khiav hauj lwm voltage.
2.Kev xaiv qhov siab tshaj plaws kev ua haujlwm tsis tu ncua
(1) Qhov siab tshaj qhov ua haujlwm tsis tu ncua (Uc) yog qhov siab tshaj plaws RMS voltage (lossis DC voltage) uas tuaj yeem siv txuas ntxiv mus rau SPD. Tus nqi no yog qhov pib rau SPD; Thaum qhov kev khiav hauj lwm voltage tshaj qhov nqi no, lub SPD activates, thiab to tam sim no exponentially.
(2) Kev xaiv Uc nyob ntawm qhov system grounding hom, qhov system voltage, thiab lub zog zoo. Tus nqi Uc yuav tsum siab dua qhov kev khiav hauj lwm voltage. Piv txwv li, hauv TN system nrog 380/220V, qhov zoo voltage sib txawv feem ntau tsis tshaj 7%. Txawm li cas los xij, hauv kev xyaum, Tuam Tshoj qhov hluav taws xob zoo sib txawv feem ntau tshaj qhov nqi no. Xav txog qhov sib txawv ntawm 10% thiab qhov ntxiv 5% rau kev laus, Uc yuav tsum siab dua lossis sib npaug rau 1.15Uo.
(3) Nyob rau hauv qhov chaw uas lub hwj huam mov system voltage sib txawv ntau tshaj 10% los yog nyob rau hauv lub harmonic teebmeem ua rau ib tug nce nyob rau hauv ib txwm ua hauj lwm voltage amplitude, Uc tus nqi ntawm lub SPD yuav tsum tsim nyog nce raws li tej yam kev mob. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kev sib koom tes ntawm kev tiv thaiv overvoltage qib (Up) thiab cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv yuav tsum raug txiav txim siab. Thov xa mus rau daim duab hauv qab no kom paub meej, qhov twg Uo sawv cev rau theem voltage thiab U sawv cev rau kab voltage.
Yam tsawg kawg nkaus tus nqi ntawm qhov siab tshaj qhov ua haujlwm tsis tu ncua rau cov khoom siv tiv thaiv kev kub ntxhov nyob ntawm qhov system yam ntxwv
| SPD kev sib txuas | TN -S System | TN -C System | TT System | Nrog Neutral Derived IT System | Tsis muaj nruab nrab IT System |
| L - N | Ntau dua lossis sib npaug rau 1.15 Uo | N/A | Ntau dua lossis sib npaug rau 1.15 Uo | Ntau dua lossis sib npaug rau 1.15 Uo | N/A |
| L - PEB | Ntau dua lossis sib npaug rau 1.15 Uo | N/A | Ntau dua lossis sib npaug rau 1.15 Uo | Ntau dua lossis sib npaug √3 Uo | Ntau dua lossis sib npaug U |
| L - PEN | N/A | Ntau dua lossis sib npaug rau 1.15 Uo | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| N - PEB | N/A | N/A | N/A | Ntau dua lossis sib npaug rau 1.15 Uo | Ntau dua lossis sib npaug rau 1.15 Uo |
| L - L | Ntau dua lossis sib npaug rau 1.15 U | Ntau dua lossis sib npaug rau 1.15 U | Ntau dua lossis sib npaug rau 1.15 U | Ntau dua lossis sib npaug rau 1.15 U | Ntau dua lossis sib npaug rau 1.15 U |
Nyob rau hauv DC systems, qhov siab tshaj plaws kev khiav hauj lwm Voltage (Uc) ntawm ib tug SPD yog kwv yees li 1.5 npaug ntawm qhov ntsuas voltage ntawm cov kev tiv thaiv system (raws li tus nqi empirical).
3. Kev xaiv ntawm Impulse Tam sim no thiab Tshaj Tawm Tshaj Tawm Tshaj Tawm Tshaj Tawm
Lub impulse tam sim no (Iimp) feem ntau yog siv los ua qhov tsis sib xws rau Chav Kawm I kev faib tawm kev ua haujlwm thauj khoom ntawm SPD, nrog nws cov waveform feem ntau yog 10/350 μs.
Qhov siab tshaj tawm tam sim no (Imax) yog siv rau qhov kev xeem Class II ntawm SPD. Cov kev xaiv tshwj xeeb nyob ntawm qhov chaw raug thiab tuaj yeem raug xa mus rau hauv cov lus hauv qab no.
Table 5.4.3-3 Pom zoo qhov tseem ceeb rau Impulse Tam sim no thiab Nominal Discharge Tam sim no Parameters ntawm Fais Fab Kab Surge Protective Devices
| Hluav taws xob tiv thaiv Level | Main Distribution Txee | Sub-Txoj kev faib khoom txee | Cov cuab yeej siv chav faib txee thiab chaw nres nkoj yuav tsum muaj kev tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb | ||
| LPZ0 to LWD | LPZ1 to LWD | Tom ntej no Kev Tiv Thaiv Ciam Teb | |||
| 10/350μs (Kev Xeem Kuv) | 8/20μs (Class II Test) | 8/20μs (Class II Test) | 8/20μs (Class II Test) | Composite Wave (1.2/50μs & 8/20μs) (Class III Test) | |
| Imp (kA) | Hauv (kA) | Hauv (kA) | Hauv (kA) | Uoc (kV) / Isc (kA) | |
| A | Ntau tshaj los yog sib npaug rau 20 | Ntau dua lossis sib npaug li 80 | Ntau dua lossis sib npaug li 40 | Ntau dua lossis sib npaug li 5 | Ntau dua lossis sib npaug rau 10 / Ntau dua lossis sib npaug rau 5 |
| B | Ntau dua lossis sib npaug li 15 | Ntau dua lossis sib npaug li 60 | Ntau tshaj los yog sib npaug rau 30 | Ntau dua lossis sib npaug li 5 | Ntau dua lossis sib npaug rau 10 / Ntau dua lossis sib npaug rau 5 |
| C | Ntau dua lossis sib npaug li 12.5 | Ntau tshaj los yog sib npaug rau 50 | Ntau tshaj los yog sib npaug rau 20 | Ntau dua lossis sib npaug 3 | Ntau dua los yog sib npaug 6/ Ntau dua lossis sib npaug rau 3 |
| D | Ntau dua lossis sib npaug li 12.5 | Ntau tshaj los yog sib npaug rau 50 | Ntau tshaj los yog sib npaug rau 10 | Ntau dua lossis sib npaug 3 | Ntau dua los yog sib npaug 6/ Ntau dua lossis sib npaug rau 3 |
4, Kev xaiv ntawm Voltage Protection Level
Qhov Voltage Protection Level (Up) yog qhov ua tau zoo ntawm SPD uas txwv qhov voltage ntawm nws cov terminals. Rau qhov hluav taws xob- hloov hom SPDs, nws hais txog qhov siab tshaj plaws qhov hluav taws xob - dhau qhov hluav taws xob nyob rau hauv ib qho kev nce qib; rau qhov voltage- txwv hom SPDs, nws hais txog qhov siab tshaj qhov seem seem nyob rau hauv ib qho kev qhia tam sim no.
Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm Voltage Protection Level (Up) ntawm SPD thiab qhov cuam tshuam qhov hluav taws xob thoob plaws nws cov kev sib txuas yuav tsum tsawg dua qhov ntsuas impulse withstand voltage (Uw) ntawm lub kaw lus thiab cov khoom siv rwb thaiv tsev (saib daim duab hauv qab no rau Uw qhov tseem ceeb) thiab yuav tsum zoo dua tsis pub tshaj 80% ntawm cov khoom siv tiv thaiv.
Table 5.4.3-1 Rated Impulse Withstand Voltage (Uw) Tus nqi rau ntau yam khoom siv hauv 220V / 380V Peb-Phase Distribution System
| Cov khoom siv qhov chaw | Lub Hwj Chim Muaj Peev Xwm Tshaj Tawm | Ceg Distribution Circuit Court khoom | Cov cuab yeej siv | Cov Khoom Siv Hluav Taws Xob Hluav Taws Xob Xav Tau Kev Tiv Thaiv |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Impulse Withstand Voltage Qeb | IV | III | II | I |
| Qhov (kV) | 6 | 4 | 2.5 | 1.5 |
5. Tag Nrho Cov Ntsiab Cai rau Surge Protective Device (SPD) Xaiv Tsim
(1) Txoj Cai Holistic.
Xav txog kev tiv thaiv xob laim rau tag nrho cov tshuab electromechanical ntawm kev ruaj ntseg engineering project raws li ib qho kev tiv thaiv kev sib koom ua ke. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb los hais txog kev tiv thaiv xob laim ntawm txhua lub hauv paus system thaum ua kom muaj kev sib koom tes zoo ntawm ntau yam tsawg -voltage subsystems thiab nruab nrab ntawm lawv thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab cov khoom xa tawm. Cov txheej txheem kev teeb tsa yuav tsum yog qhov systematic, kev lag luam tsim nyog, muaj kev nyab xeeb, txhim khu kev qha, thiab suav nrog qhov tsim nyog rov ua dua.
(2) Kev tiv thaiv kev sib koom ua ke.
Siv tag nrho cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv xob laim xws li "muaj peev xwm sib npaug, tiv thaiv, kev tshem tawm huab cua, kev hloov pauv, kev sib tsoo, thiab kev tiv thaiv." Xaiv cov cuab yeej siv hluav taws xob ua kom ruaj ntseg thiab Surge Protective Devices (SPDs) los siv cov kev daws teeb meem zoo thiab muaj kev ntseeg siab.
(3) Kev xaiv zoo.
Raws li qhov tshwj xeeb thaj chaw ib puag ncig cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev ruaj ntseg engineering qhov project thiab qhov chaw tiv thaiv xob laim uas cov khoom siv hluav taws xob nyob, xaiv qhov tsim nyog SPD cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tsis zoo thiab cov khoom ua haujlwm.
03 Kev Xaiv Cov Kev Xaiv rau Txhua Qib Kev Tiv Thaiv Kev Tiv Thaiv Kev Tiv Thaiv
1. SPD1
Yog tias thawj -theem surge tiv thaiv ntaus ntawv SPD1 tau teeb tsa hauv chav faib hluav taws xob tseem ceeb ntawm lub tsev, peb qhov hluav taws xob- hloov hom SPDs feem ntau txaus kom ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua hauv lub cev. Txawm tias nyob rau hauv Tuam Tshoj txoj kev siv hluav taws xob tam sim no, uas tau txais TN-S teeb tsa, Lub Ntiaj Teb (N) thiab Tiv Thaiv Lub Ntiaj Teb (PE) tau sib koom ua ke ntawm ib qho chaw hauv chav faib khoom loj. Yog li ntawd, kev txhim kho peb qhov hluav taws xob- hloov hom SPDs hauv lub txee loj ntawm chav faib hluav taws xob tau zoo. Nws tsis tsim nyog rau nruab ib qho ntxiv SPD ntawm N thiab PE.
Pom zoo xaiv qhov ntsuas rau SPD1 yog raws li hauv qab no:
Maximum Nruam Ua Haujlwm Voltage:Uc=440V
Maximum tso zis tam sim no:Feem ntau tsim thiab xam raws li cov cai yuav tsum tau los yog siv los ntawm cov qauv.
Qib tiv thaiv:Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 2.5kV
Lub sij hawm teb:tA Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug rau 100ns
2. SPD2
Qhov thib ob -theem hluav taws xob tiv thaiv hluav taws xob yog cov khoom siv dav tshaj plaws. Cov xwm txheej uas xob laim hluav taws xob hluav taws xob tuaj yeem ua rau muaj qhov hluav taws xob ntau tshaj 20kA ntawm cov kab hluav taws xob nkag mus rau hauv LPZ1 thaj chaw yog qhov tsawg. Yog li ntawd, lub nominal paug tam sim no (Nyob rau hauv) rau qhov thib ob -theem SPD, raws li ib tug voltage- txwv hom SPD, feem ntau yog teev nyob rau ntawm 20 ~ 40kA.
Pom zoo xaiv qhov ntsuas rau SPD2 yog raws li hauv qab no:
Maximum Nruam Ua Haujlwm Voltage:Uc=260 ~ 320V
Nominal Discharge Tam sim no (8/20μs):Hauv=20kA
Qhov siab tshaj tawm tam sim no (8/20μs):Imax=40kA
Qib tiv thaiv:Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 1.5kV
Lub sij hawm teb:tA Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug rau 25ns
3. SPD3
Qhov thib peb -theem fais fab surge tiv thaiv ntaus ntawv feem ntau yog ntsia rau pem hauv ntej kawg ntawm cov khoom tseem ceeb, ua hauj lwm raws li li ntawd -hu ua zoo tiv thaiv.
Pom zoo xaiv qhov ntsuas rau SPD3 yog raws li hauv qab no:
Maximum Nruam Ua Haujlwm Voltage:Uc=255V
Nominal Discharge Tam sim no (8/20μs):
Hauv (L → N)=3kA
Hauv (N→PE)=5kA
Voltage Protection Level (Up):
L → N Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug rau 1.25kV
L → PE Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug rau 1.5kV
Lub sij hawm teb:tA Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug rau 25ns
04 Kev Txhim Kho Yuav Tsum Tau Ua rau Kev Tiv Thaiv Kev Tiv Thaiv
Peb qhov kev xav tau tseem ceeb rau kev teeb tsa thiab siv SPDs:
(1)Tom qab kev teeb tsa ntawm SPD, nyob rau hauv ib txwm ua haujlwm yam tsis muaj kev nce ntxiv, SPD yuav tsum tsis txhob cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm hluav taws xob (lossis hluav taws xob).
(2)Tom qab kev teeb tsa ntawm SPD, thaum muaj kev kub ntxhov, SPD yuav tsum muaj peev xwm tiv taus qhov kev cia siab ntawm xob laim tam sim no yam tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj, thaum tseem clamping qhov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob thiab cuam tshuam cov hluav taws xob tam sim no.
(3)Tom qab qhov hluav taws xob tam sim no dhau lawm, SPD yuav tsum tam sim ntawd rov qab mus rau qhov siab -impedance xeev thiab cuam tshuam lub zog- zaus raws li tam sim no.